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- NATION, Page 18What's the Alternative?
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- With prison populations -- and prison costs -- inexorably
- rising, states are experimenting with ways to punish criminals
- without punishing taxpayers. As alternatives to high-cost
- imprisonment, at least 40 states now offer "intermediate
- sanctions." Most are forms of closely supervised probation
- available only to nonviolent offenders. Some allow probationers
- to hold jobs while they serve time in dormitory-style halfway
- houses where they are subject to tight curfews and periodic
- drug and alcohol tests. Others keep tabs on them at home through
- frequent visits from probation officers or through electronic
- shackles that signal authorities when the wearer attempts to
- go out.
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- The attraction of alternatives is obvious. It costs $6
- billion each year just to house the nation's inmate population,
- an amount that would pay for 250,000 residential drug-treatment
- slots. "It's time for a radical restructuring of priorities in
- our penal system," says New York Congressman Charles Rangel,
- who is sponsoring a bill that would provide $800 million to
- support alternative programs for drug offenders.
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- But the high hopes once held for such programs have been
- tempered. In many cases they merely apply closer supervision
- to nonviolent offenders who would be on conventional probation
- anyway; prisons have long reserved most of their cell space for
- violent criminals. The alternatives can be expensive. New
- Mexico spent nearly $100,000 for its first two dozen electronic
- shackles, which frequently transmitted false alarms or, worse,
- failed to signal when an offender had sneaked out the door. In
- Oklahoma a Justice Department study found that offenders sent
- to so-called boot camps -- military-style detention camps,
- complete with harsh drills -- were more likely to land back in
- jail than ex-cons who served time in regular prisons.
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- The most promising efforts involve juvenile offenders before
- they get into the prison system. In a successful Massachusetts
- program, a social worker may devote from 10 to 50 hours each
- week to a single youthful offender, offering counsel and
- guidance through government bureaucracies. Such programs
- require time, dedication and money. But with prisons bursting
- at the seams, there may be no alternative.
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